← Selected Work
● Research Commercialisation · Sustainable Agriculture · Social Impact

Turning wheat biofortification research into the science behind India's first biofortified village.

Role — PhD Researcher, Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry / Institution — C.S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology (CSAUAT), Kanpur / Timeframe — Field trials across two wheat seasons, 2021–2023

Micronutrient deficiency — "hidden hunger" — affects communities even where food is available. My PhD asked a practical question: can everyday agronomy make a staple crop more nourishing? I designed and ran factorial field trials on wheat biofortification using farmyard manure (FYM), zinc and iron, measured the yield and quality outcomes, published the results in peer-reviewed journals, and translated them into adoption-ready recommendations that fed CSAUAT's wider work on India's first biofortified village at Anupur, Kanpur Dehat.

Research Sustainability Food Security Biofortification Published Work Stakeholder Impact
Note on scope — this was agronomic biofortification (soil & foliar nutrition), not genetic engineering, evaluated in replicated field trials. The biofortified village was an institution-wide CSAUAT initiative; my contribution was the underpinning wheat research and its practical recommendations, not sole ownership of the programme.
01 / The Problem

Hidden hunger — nutrition, not just calories

Baseline, why this matters

Micronutrient deficiencies retard the growth of both crops and people. Wheat supplies roughly half of daily energy across much of Asia — and over 70% in rural areas — yet it is naturally low in zinc, and even lower when grown on zinc-poor soils. The trial soil itself was measurably deficient: available zinc 0.53 ppm, available iron 3.96 ppm. Availability of food was not the gap; the nutritional density of the staple was.

2 bn+
people affected by iron, zinc & other micronutrient deficiencies
WHO, 2016
~450k
children under 5 die each year from effects of zinc deficiency
Bryce et al., 2005
~1 in 3
of the world's population is estimated to be zinc-deficient
WHO, 2002
02 / Readings

The instrument panel

Best treatment vs. untreated control, measured across two consecutive wheat seasons in a replicated factorial field trial at CSAUAT, Kanpur.
0%
Grain Protein ▲
Peak grain protein rose to 12.63% under the best combination vs. 11.13% in the control (M₀Zn₀Fe₀).
0%
Grain Yield ▲ (FYM)
Farmyard manure alone lifted grain yield up to 11.9% over the no-organic baseline — before micronutrients were added.
0
Field Plots Evaluated
32 FYM × zinc × iron treatment combinations, replicated three times in a factorial randomised block design.
0
Peer-Reviewed Papers
Published in The Pharma Innovation Journal (NAAS 5.23), with results indexed on ResearchGate.
03 / Approach

Four connected workstreams

Not four separate tasks — one loop: design the trial, run it in the field, read the data honestly, and turn it into something a farmer can use.
Design

A trial built to isolate what works

Laid out a factorial randomised block design with three factors — FYM (0 or 10 t ha⁻¹), zinc and iron (each: none, soil, one foliar spray, or two foliar sprays) — giving 32 treatment combinations replicated thrice, so effects and interactions could be told apart, not guessed.

Fieldwork

96 plots, two seasons, one protocol

Executed the field research end-to-end across two consecutive wheat seasons — soil testing, plot layout, timed foliar applications at heading and milking stages, and harvest measurement of grain and straw yield and quality.

Funding & Ops

Running it as a managed programme

Managed approximately £30K in research funding across inputs, field operations and analysis — keeping a multi-season, multi-treatment programme on schedule and on budget.

Translation

From data to adoption

Analysed yield and quality outcomes, identified the single best-performing combination, and translated it into plain, data-backed recommendations that fed CSAUAT's biofortified-village work — findings people could act on, not just a slide.

04 / System

The soil-to-village pipeline

Five stages from a deficient soil to a recommendation an institution could scale — measurement leading each step, not intuition.
1
Diagnose
Soil tests confirm Zn (0.53 ppm) & Fe (3.96 ppm) deficiency
2
Treat
FYM + soil zinc + timed foliar iron across 32 combinations
3
Measure
Grain & straw yield, protein & quality over 96 plots
4
Analyse
Factorial RBD isolates the best-performing combination
5
Translate
Adoption-ready recs feed the biofortified-village programme
The winning combination — 10 t ha⁻¹ farmyard manure + soil-applied zinc (15 kg ha⁻¹) + two foliar sprays of 0.5% ferrous sulphate (at heading and milking stages) produced the highest grain yield and grain protein, outperforming any single nutrient used on its own.
"Enrich the soil, enrich the grain, enrich the village."
05 / Boundaries

My role vs. not my role

A university research programme has many hands. Here's exactly where the line sat.
My role

Designing and executing the field trials, managing the research funding, collecting and statistically analysing yield and quality data, authoring the peer-reviewed publications, and translating the results into practical adoption recommendations.

Not my role

The institution-wide rollout of the biofortified village and its policy engagement — a CSAUAT initiative under the university's leadership. My work was the underpinning wheat research that contributed to it, not the programme's ownership.

Published as: Srishti Nisha, Uma Shanker Tiwari & Rajendra Krishna Pathak, Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology (CSAUAT), Kanpur. The biofortified village at Anupur, Kanpur Dehat is documented as a CSAUAT institutional achievement (see Evidence).
06 / Method

Problem → intervention → outcome

Diagnosis → Action → ResultCSAUAT · 2021–2023
Soil deficient in zinc (0.53 ppm) and iron (3.96 ppm) Agronomic biofortification — soil zinc + timed foliar iron + FYM Grain protein ▲ ~14%
Wheat naturally low in micronutrients & yield ceiling unclear Best combination: 10 t FYM + 15 kg Zn + two foliar 0.5% Fe Grain yield up to 56.95 q ha⁻¹
Effects of single nutrients easy to confound 32-treatment factorial RBD, replicated thrice, two seasons Interactions isolated
Findings risked staying inside a thesis Published 2 peer-reviewed papers + adoption recommendations Fed the village programme
07 / Findings

What the two seasons showed

Before the trial, the practical question was open: would combining farmyard manure with zinc and iron actually beat using any one of them alone — and would it hold up across seasons?

It did. The combination of organic manure, soil zinc and two well-timed foliar iron sprays gave the highest grain and straw yields and the highest grain protein in both years, with yields rising significantly over the untreated control. Protein gains were consistent and repeatable — higher in the second year than the first — pointing to a genuinely reproducible agronomic route to a more nourishing staple.

On framing: yield and protein gains are reported against the untreated control within a replicated field trial. Honest reading — a robust, repeated field result across two seasons, not an extrapolated population-level nutrition claim.
Field Results LogYr 1 → Yr 2
Best grain yield (q ha⁻¹)53.95 → 56.95
Best straw yield (q ha⁻¹)71.86 → 75.18
Peak grain protein12.50% → 12.63%
Control grain protein11.00% → 11.13%
Treatment combinations32 × 3 reps
Best foliar iron0.5% FeSO₄ ×2
08 / Evidence

Evidence & process layer

The artefacts this case study is actually built from — a field dataset, peer-reviewed publications, and independent documentation of the village programme.
FT

Field trial & dataset

32 treatments · 3 reps · 2 seasons · yield + quality

The replicated factorial RBD behind every number here — soil diagnosis, timed applications, and harvest measurement of grain/straw yield and grain protein across 96 plots.

PJ

Peer-reviewed research

The Pharma Innovation Journal · NAAS 5.23 · 2022 & 2023

Two published articles reporting the biofortification effect of FYM, zinc and iron on the yield and quality of wheat — the second carrying a registered DOI.

BV

Biofortified-village record

BAU Year Book 2023 · CSAUAT institutional record

Independent documentation that CSAUAT, Kanpur developed India's first biofortified village (Anupur, Kanpur Dehat) — the applied context this research contributed to.

Note: yield, protein and soil figures are quoted directly from the published articles. The biofortified-village reference is quoted from a third-party university year book, not authored by me.

Field note

"The PhD was hands-on end to end — designing the trial, running two seasons in the field, managing the funding, analysing the data, and then making sure the findings didn't just sit in a thesis but became something a grower or an institution could actually use."

The measurable outcomes — grain protein up ~14% and grain yield up to 56.95 q ha⁻¹ under the best combination, across 96 replicated plots — came from that work, published in two peer-reviewed papers and contributing to CSAUAT's biofortified-village programme. Framed honestly: a robust field result and a real contribution, not a solo claim over an institution-wide initiative.

What this shows about me

I can take a real-world problem — malnutrition rooted in soil chemistry — structure it into a rigorous, resource-managed experiment, read the data without overclaiming, and carry the result all the way to practical, adoptable recommendations.

Where this fits

This is research commercialisation in miniature: diagnosing a problem, running a disciplined study on a budget, publishing credible evidence, and translating it into real-world impact. The same instinct — rigour in, honest claims out, adoption as the goal — is what I bring to sustainability, food-security and social-impact work.